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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the documents you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of these products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run find out that gibberish back via the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here support AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.